World Diabetes Day (WDD), observed annually on November 14, is dedicated to raising global awareness about diabetes—a chronic condition impacting millions of people around the world. Organized by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the World Health Organization (WHO), this event highlights the health risks associated with diabetes, as well as preventive strategies and effective management for living well with the condition.
Each year, World Diabetes Day adopts a theme that underscores essential aspects of diabetes care, such as diet, physical activity, mental well-being, or access to healthcare for those managing the disease.
Theme of WDD 2024
The theme for World Diabetes Day 2024 is "Breaking Barriers, Bridging Gaps" highlighting the challenges many people face when managing diabetes. These challenges include limited access to healthcare, varying levels of diabetes education, socioeconomic barriers, and a lack of adequate support systems. This year’s theme calls for international collaboration, policy changes, and greater awareness to create equitable healthcare opportunities for everyone, regardless of location, background, or financial means.
The goal is to empower individuals with diabetes to manage their condition effectively and to prevent complications that could impact their quality of life.
Key Facts About Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is not preventable: This form of diabetes, often diagnosed in childhood or early adulthood, cannot be prevented. It requires lifelong insulin management and monitoring.
Type 2 diabetes can often be prevented: Adopting a balanced diet, staying physically active, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco use significantly reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes can lead to serious complications: If unmanaged, diabetes can cause major health issues, including blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, strokes, and lower limb amputations.
Early detection and consistent care make a difference: With regular screenings and appropriate treatment, diabetes complications can be prevented or delayed. Routine check-ups for kidney health, eye exams, and foot assessments are especially important.
Quitting smoking lowers diabetes risk: Avoiding tobacco reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 30-40%.
Diabetes raises the risk of tuberculosis (TB): People with diabetes are twice as likely to develop TB and face a greater risk of treatment challenges, including multidrug resistance. For those with both TB and diabetes, the risk of dying during TB treatment or experiencing a relapse after treatment is twice as high.
Access to insulin is limited for many: Only about half of people with type 2 diabetes receive the insulin they need, often due to healthcare affordability issues in their countries.
*Source PAHO (Pan American Health Organisation)
5 Effective Strategies to Avert Diabetes Complications
Monitor Blood Sugar
Regular blood sugar monitoring helps identify patterns, detect high or low levels, and adjust diet, medication, and exercise routines. Keeping blood glucose within target ranges is essential to reduce kidney damage, neuropathy, and retinopathy risks.
Pro-Tip: Aim to check blood glucose levels at least once daily, or more frequently as a healthcare provider recommends. Using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) may also provide real-time insights into blood sugar fluctuations.
Nutrient-Rich Diet
Diet plays a key role in diabetes management and can prevent blood sugar spikes and long-term complications. Foods rich in fiber, healthy fats, lean protein, complex carbohydrates and low-glycemic index foods are particularly beneficial.
Pro-Tip: Incorporate foods like whole grains, leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and lean proteins. Limit processed foods, sugary beverages, and trans fats, which can lead to insulin resistance and increased blood sugar levels.
Regular Physical Activity
Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity, helps control blood sugar, and contributes to maintaining a healthy weight. Regular exercise can reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications and improve overall mental health.
Pro-Tip: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming. Strength training twice a week can also help improve glucose control and maintain muscle mass.
Health Check-Ups/ Screenings
Regular check-ups allow healthcare providers to monitor for potential complications and make timely interventions. Screenings for kidney health, eye health, foot care, and cardiovascular health are crucial.
Pro-Tip: Schedule comprehensive check-ups at least twice a year. Include screenings for HbA1c, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, kidney function, and eye exams to catch early signs of complications.
Manage Mental Well-Being
Chronic stress can lead to elevated cortisol levels, which negatively impacts blood sugar levels and overall health. Managing stress is essential for both mental and physical well-being in diabetes management.
Pro-Tip: Practice stress-relieving techniques like meditation, deep breathing exercises, yoga, or hobbies that promote relaxation. Prioritizing sleep and maintaining a support network of family and friends can also enhance mental resilience.
(This article is reviewed by Kalyani Krishna, Chief Content Editor)
Author Profile:
M Sowmya Binu:
With over 15 years of expertise and a Postgraduate degree in Nutrition, M Sowmya Binu is a seasoned professional in the field of nutrition. Specializing in tailoring personalized diet plans, she underscores the significance of a balanced approach to health, emphasizing the integration of medication with dietary intake for holistic wellness. Passionate about equipping individuals with knowledge to make informed decisions, Sowmya adeptly develops insightful content encompassing a wide array of topics including food, nutrition, supplements, and overall health.
References:
https://www.paho.org/en/campaigns/world-diabetes-day-2024
https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-diabetes-day/2024
https://idf.org/
On the World Diabetes Day: Diabetes Mellitus – A Globally Increasing Health Problem, Peter Schwandt
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3506085/
