Mushrooms are not only used as a culinary delight but also as a source of therapeutic medicine owing to their unique qualities. Among them, functional mushrooms stand out for their incredible traits in augmenting overall wellness beyond nutritional incentives. These protein-rich fungi have been used for ages in traditional Chinese, Ayurveda and other healing systems of medicine. In recent times, functional mushrooms are valued and used in supplements, teas, powders, and even beauty products.
What Are Functional Mushrooms?
Functional mushrooms are different types of fungi thought to confer health-benefiting qualities beyond their nutrition. The term “functional mushroom” refers to mushrooms that have properties beyond their nutritional makeup that can be largely beneficial to your health. Unlike most edible mushrooms, like button or portobello, functional mushrooms are highly prized for their wealth of bioactive compounds like beta-glucans, polysaccharides, terpenes, and antioxidants.
Common Functional Mushroom Varieties:
Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) is popularly known as the “mushroom of immortality” valued for its potent stress-easing and immune-boosting qualities.
Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus) promotes brain health and nerve function.
Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris / sinensis) offers a sustained source of energy and boosts stamina.
Chaga (Inonotus obliquus) is a storehouse of antioxidants that triggers immunity and rejuvenates skin from deep within.
Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor) promotes gut health and immunity.
Shiitake and Maitake are widely used in cooking and are also valued for optimal immune health.
Health Benefits of Functional Mushrooms
Bolsters Immune System
The richness of beta-glucans in mushrooms stimulates immune cells and may help the body fight harmful pathogens and infections. Turkey tail and reishi varieties are particularly known for immune-modulating effects.
Brain Health
Lion’s mane contains compounds that may trigger nerve growth factor (NGF), supporting memory power, concentration span, and overall cognitive health.
Boost Energy
Cordyceps variety of mushrooms, has been linked to improved oxygen utilisation, blood flow to the vital organs. This variety of mushrooms, when taken as a supplement, enhances athletic performance, endurance, and reduces fatigue.
Stress Reduction
Reishi is considered a natural adaptogen, helping the body ease stress and promote restful, sound sleep.
Antioxidant / Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Chaga and shiitake mushrooms are known to possess antioxidants and anti-inflammatory qualities, which may protect cells from oxidative stress and reduce inflammation. These functional mushrooms, when taken in the form of supplements, lower the risk of developing chronic diseases.
Gut Health
Prebiotic fibers present in certain mushrooms feed healthy gut bacteria, improving digestive functions, treating common digestive issues like bloating, constipation, indigestion and building a robust immune system.
Also Read: Lion's Mane Mushroom: Top Health Benefits, Uses, and a Simple Recipe for Cognitive Health
Potent Anti-Cancer Effects
A few studies indicate that some mushrooms, like turkey tail and maitake varieties, are valuable medicines in cancer treatment. However, more human studies are needed.
Uses of Functional Mushrooms
Supplements: It is available in capsule, powder, or tincture form for optimising overall wellness.
Mushroom-infused beverages like tea and coffee are an easy way to consume them and reap their incredible health benefits.
Shiitake, maitake, and lion’s mane are edible varieties that are used in a rich array of culinary delicacies such as soups, stir-fries, curries or salads.
Functional mushroom extracts are used in face creams and serums for their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which help fade away fine lines and wrinkles and make you look youthful.
Used widely in traditional medicine as a herbal formulation for boosting vitality, immunity, and overall life span.
Side Effects
Generally, functional mushrooms are safe and well-tolerated; however, they may cause certain side effects in a few people:
It may cause digestive discomfort such as bloating, nausea, or stomach upset in those with sensitive gut health.
Allergic reactions are rare but possible, particularly for those allergic to fungi.
Reishi and other types may interact with blood thinners, blood pressure medication, or diabetes drugs.
It may not be suitable for people with comorbid medical conditions who are already on medications.
High doses of certain extracts may cause liver stress or dizziness.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women and people with chronic medical disorders should consult a healthcare provider before trying these supplements.
Conclusion
Functional mushrooms serve as a holistic approach to bridge the gap between food and medicine. It is a natural way to uplift immune health, brain function, boost energy and overall health. Though they are an incredible natural remedy for optimal health, they are not a replacement for medical management. Always use in moderate amounts and go for high-quality ones. It is best to consult a health care provider before trying these supplements if you have any underlying health problems.
(This article is reviewed by Kalyani, Chief Content Editor)
Author Profile:
M Sowmya Binu:
With over 15 years of expertise and a Postgraduate degree in Nutrition, M Sowmya Binu is a seasoned professional in the field of nutrition. Specialising in tailoring personalised diet plans, she underscores the significance of a balanced approach to health, emphasising the integration of medication with dietary intake for holistic wellness. Passionate about equipping individuals with knowledge to make informed decisions, Sowmya adeptly develops insightful content encompassing a wide array of topics, including food, nutrition, supplements, and overall health.
References:
Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioactive Compounds, Use, and Clinical Trials
Giuseppe Venturella 1,*, Valeria Ferraro 1, Fortunato Cirlincione 1, Maria Letizia Gargano 2
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7826851/
Medicinal Mushrooms: Their Bioactive Components, Nutritional Value and Application in Functional Food Production—A Review
Paulina Łysakowska 1, Aldona Sobota 1,*, Anna Wirkijowska 1
Editors: Arunaksharan Narayanankutty1, Ademola C Famurewa1, Eliza Oprea1, José Sousa Câmara1
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10384337/
