Canine influenza, commonly called dog flu, is a highly contagious respiratory disease that can affect many canine breeds. It is caused by two main strains pertaining to the virus which are H3N8 and H3N2. Like humans contract the flu, dogs are susceptible to these viral infections, and hence its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial for maintaining the health and well-being of our lovely four-legged companions.
How Did The Virus Originate?
The origin of canine influenza is closely linked to other animal species. The H3N8 virus was initially identified in horses which underwent a genetic shift and infected dogs. On the other hand, the H3N2 virus, believed to have originated in birds, found its way into dogs through close contact with infected animals. This strain was initially identified in Asia before causing outbreaks in various parts of the world. Both H3N8 and H3N2 viruses spread via respiratory secretions and thrive in environments where dogs gather, such as in kennels, dog parks, and dog-boarding facilities.
Shop From Our Range Of Pet Care Essentials
Symptoms That Show Up In Canines
The clinical signs of canine influenza can mimic those of other respiratory infections, making accurate diagnosis very challenging. Veterinarians check history, and laboratory tests to confirm the presence of the virus. Common symptoms of both viruses include:
- Coughing
- Sneezing
- Nasal discharge
- Lethargy
- Fever
- Pneumonia (in severe cases)
Also Read: Pet Care: Make Regular Health-Check-up A Practice To Keep Them Free From Diseases
Diagnosis Of Canine Influenza
Laboratory tests can help in confirming the exact diagnosis of this ailment. Viral isolation, where the virus is cultured from respiratory secretions, can provide exact evidence of infection. Serological tests, which detect antibodies against the virus, are also used to determine previous exposure. Certain tests called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests can also identify the viral genetic material in samples, thus aiding an early diagnosis.
Treatment
Treating canine influenza involves a combination of supportive care and medical interventions. Since canine influenza is a viral infection, antibiotics are not effective against the virus. In some cases, they might be prescribed if secondary bacterial infections occur. Antiviral medications are available, but their use is generally reserved for severe cases. The primary focus of treatment is managing the symptoms and providing supportive care to aid the recovery of the ailing pet. This includes keeping the dog well-hydrated, providing a comfortable and warm environment, and ensuring they receive a proper nutritious pet diet. In severe cases, hospitalization might be necessary, mainly if pneumonia develops. Oxygen therapy and intravenous fluids may be needed in such situations. 
Prevention
Canine influenza remains a concern for dog owners and veterinarians, thus, preventing the spread of canine influenza requires a multi-faceted approach. Pet vaccination is a primary measure to safeguard dogs from the disease. Veterinarians recommend a bivalent vaccine that covers both H3N8 and H3N2 strains. Puppies, old dogs, and those with underlying health conditions should be prioritized for vaccination. Additionally, dogs with a higher risk of exposure and the ones who travel can benefit significantly from vaccination. While the vaccine might not completely prevent infection, it significantly reduces the severity of the disease. Apart from vaccination, minimizing exposure to infected dogs and contaminated environments is crucial. Practicing good hygiene, such as regular handwashing after attending to an ailing dog can help curb the spread of the virus. Pet owners should be vigilant and keep their dogs away from visibly sick animals, and if a dog shows signs of illness, it is best to isolate them to prevent transmission. Infected dogs should be kept away from healthy animals until they have fully recovered and are no longer shedding the virus. This precaution helps prevent further outbreaks. Additionally, isolation is essential to prevent the spread as well. While there is no specific cure for canine influenza, supportive treatment, and proper management of symptoms, staying informed, and following veterinary advice significantly contribute to your dog's recovery.
