Our human body is a composition of several types of cells. A cell is known to be the smallest unit of life that consists of a membrane-enclosed sac. There are skin cells, heart cells, and then brain cells.  Among these three, the brain cells or the neurons play an important role to transmit information, thus also sending messages to your body and letting you breathe, talk, eat, walk, and so on.  The brain stems or the neural stem cell besides being an important part of the body conducts multiple jobs each day, can renew themselves, and proliferate without limit. This is the reason that it can help to regulate most of the body's automatic functions. These multipotent cells can relay information to and from the brain to the body and play a crucial role in the brain’s primary functions such as consciousness, awareness, and movement.

Also Read: Stroke/Cerebrovascular Accident: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

There are two types of neural stem cells, one is endogenous neural stem cells residing within the adult brain, and the second type is pluripotent stem cells. Endogenous neural stem cells give rise to several neurons throughout life, but by and large, they are restricted to specialized regions in the brain. There have been numerous studies to find out how neural stem cells that are either in the brain or sometimes taken from another brain can help to treat things such as stroke, spinal cord disorders, neuroblastoma, and Parkinson’s disease.

Also Read: World Brain Tumour Day 2022: Learn About The Significance, Theme And Facts

Role of Stem Cells To Cure Neurological Disorders

Brain diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and traumatic brain injuries are among the major disorders that harm brain health. The role of neural stem cells in curing the following brain ailments and neuro disorders is extremely crucial.

Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy is a disorder caused by damage to the brain shortly after birth and is accompanied by seizures, hearing loss, difficulty speaking blindness, and mental disabilities. Stem cell transplantation has the potential to replace the damaged and non-functional cells in the brain. This regenerative therapy process has proved beneficial in curing many patients with cerebral palsy.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s is a brain disease that involves progressive cell degeneration. It commences with the loss of brain cells that control thought and memory progressing to the loss of language. Neural stem cells can be very helpful in promoting recovery from this ailment. Through the process of grafting, the treatment of many disorders of the central nervous system including Alzheimer’s is possible.  After grafting, these cells have the capacity to migrate to abnormal regions of the brain and segregate the necessary type of cells that are lacking in the diseased brain thus supplying it with a healthy cell population.

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a rare disease that can impair brain function. In this brain disorder, the immune system cells mistakenly attack myelin- an important brain component. Neural stem cell transplantation in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis has been done in many patients. Restoring the endogenous stem cell compartment through the transplantation process is a potential treatment for effectively curing multiple sclerosis. With stem cell treatment and chemotherapy, medical practitioners destroy defective immune cells. Then, new cells are brought into the brain which cannot attack myelin.

Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder caused by the degeneration of nerve cells that affects the nervous system. Tremors, muscle stiffness, and slowness of movement are its primary signs. The goal of stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease is to replace destroyed brain cells with healthy stem cells. These stem cells can then transform into brain cells and balance the abnormal dopamine levels

Spinal Cord Injury

A spinal cord injury is damage to the tight bundle of cells and nerves in the spine resulting from trauma or dislocation that sends and receives signals to and from the brain. This causes loss of control of the bladder or bowels and the inability to move the arms or legs. The

stem cell transplantation therapy can be extremely helpful to regenerate neurological networks and help to replace lost tissues after a nervous system injury.