Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the body's nervous system but can eventually compromise the functioning of various organs regulated by the nerves. Parkinson's though mostly diagnosed in men over 60, is also found in women in rare cases. In many patients, the initial symptoms, like an occasional tremor in one hand, can go unnoticed for months. However, as the condition progresses, the symptoms cause muscle stiffness, slowing movement and eventually compromising the quality of life.

World Parkinson's Day, celebrated on April 11 annually, aims to support and include patients suffering from a neurodegenerative ailment and reduce the economic, social, and cultural burden on the caretakers. The theme for World Parkinson's Day 2023 is #Take6forPD, in light of our new incidence study which indicates that a person receives a Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis every six minutes. (Source: Parkinson's Foundation). This ailment is estimated to affect at least 60 lakh individuals worldwide and is expected to double in the next few years.

Also Read: Caregiver For Parkinson’s Patient? Here’s What You Should Do

As the condition develops, patients who have Parkinson's disease undergo intense emotional trauma as it causes the following symptoms:

• Continuous shaking or tremors in hands
• Difficulty in doing regular tasks, including getting up from the chair or even walking within the house
• Stiff muscles and impaired movement
• Lack of posture
• Inability to communicate coherently

What Causes Parkinson's Disease?

In patients who have Parkinson's disease, the neurons or nerve cells in the brain die slowly, decreasing the levels of dopamine. Dopamine is an important chemical messenger, and when the brain is deprived of it, it leads to tremors, impaired movements, muscle stiffness, and other complications. The primary reason behind Parkinson's disease is unknown. However, doctors believe that sudden genetic changes can trigger this condition.

Environmental factors like prolonged exposure to toxins, Lewy bodies – specific substances in the brain cells, and the excessive presence of a protein called alpha-synuclein in the Lewy bodies can cause this neurodegenerative condition.

Also Read: Dopamine: Structure, Crucial Functions And Adverse Effects

Other Risk Factors Include:

• Age above 60
• Family history of Parkinson's Disease or any other neurodegenerative condition
• Men are more prone to this condition than women

What Are The Complications of Parkinson's Disease?

If your loved one has been diagnosed with this crippling condition, here is what you should do to ensure a better quality of life. The first step is understanding the wide range of complications it would cause as the condition develops.

Impaired Thinking:

Difficulty remembering people and events and inability to judge are classic symptoms of Parkinson's disease. In addition, a majority of the patients have dementia.

Depression:

It is common for the patient to feel depressed and feel emotional. They may also experience overwhelming anger, fear, and anxiety.

Difficulty Eating:

As the condition advances, the patient may find eating, chewing, and swallowing regular food challenging. Saliva in large amounts gets accumulates in the mouth and can disrupt eating.

Insomnia:

Lack of sleep and frequent waking up are other signs of Parkinson's disease. As a result, the patient is at a high risk of falling at night and can suffer injuries.

Indigestion Issues:

Parkinson's also compromises gut function. Constipation and frequent urination are widely reported due to the slowing down of the digestive tract.

How Is Parkinson's Diagnosed?

A well-trained Neurologist will diagnose Parkinson's disease based on the physical exam and correlate it with imaging tests and other signs and symptoms. For example, your doctor may advise Dopamine Transporter Scan (DAT) for accurate diagnosis. MRI of the brain and blood tests also help in diagnosis.

How To Care For A Parkinson's Disease Patient?

Parkinson's disease is a crippling condition, and no cure is available at this point. However, symptoms can be managed effectively with the help of medication, physiotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Patients suffering from this condition undergo an emotional rollercoaster ride, and if you are caring for a loved one, please be patient.

• Spend enough time with them. Please encourage them to do simple chores like folding napkins, taking a short walk, and reading books.
• Make your loved one feel positive by acknowledging their contributions to the family and friends. Express love and gratitude generously for that feel-good factor.
• Ensure regular physiotherapy to delay the stiffness of muscles and to stay agile.
• Some patients may require frequent medication to trigger dopamine in the system. Please stick to the medication and do not change it without a doctor's advice.
• Join a support group for positivity. Keep your doctor informed about the progression of the disease for better medication and care.