Lactic acid has become a popular ingredient in skincare, known for its ability to gently exfoliate, hydrate, and rejuvenate the skin. Derived from milk and other fermented sources, lactic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that works wonders for improving skin texture, reducing wrinkles, and enhancing overall radiance.
In this 2-minute read, let us explore the health benefits, uses, and potential side effects of lactic acid in skincare, helping you understand how this powerhouse ingredient can transform your skin.

Also Read: Glycolic Acid: How To Use This Amazing Ingredient In Your Skincare Regimen

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What Is Lactic Acid?

Lactic acid is a naturally occurring AHA found in sour milk, yogurt, and fermented fruits and vegetables. It is one of the gentler AHAs, making it a go-to choice for people with sensitive skin. Lactic acid primarily functions by dissolving the cellular bonds between dead skin cells on the surface, allowing them to shed more easily. This process of exfoliation helps to reveal smoother, brighter, and more even-toned skin underneath.

Historically, lactic acid has been used in beauty treatments dating back to ancient Egypt, where Cleopatra was said to bathe in sour milk to maintain her legendary skin. Today, it is widely used in various skincare products, from cleansers and toners to serums andchemical peels.

Also Read: Ferulic Acid: Uses, Benefits And Side Effects Of This Amazing Skin Healing Ingredient

Health Benefits of Lactic Acid for Skin

Exfoliates Dead Skin Cells

Lactic acid is primarily known for its exfoliating properties. As an AHA, it works to slough away dead skin cells on the surface of the skin, promoting cell turnover. This process helps improve the texture of the skin, reduce flakiness, and prevent clogged pores that can lead to breakouts. Regular use of lactic acid can lead to a brighter, more even complexion.

Hydrates the Skin

Unlike some other exfoliants that can leave the skin feeling dry, lactic acid has the unique ability to act as a humectant, drawing moisture into the skin. This makes this skincare ingredient a spectacular choice for individuals blessed with dry or dehydrated skin. By increasing the skin’s water content, lactic acid helps maintain a smooth, supple, and plump appearance.

Reduces Fine Lines and Wrinkles

Lactic acid is often used in anti-ageing skincare products because of its ability to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. By promoting exfoliation and increasing collagen production, lactic acid can improve skin elasticity and firmness. Over time, regular use can result in a more youthful, refreshed complexion.

Reduces Pigmentation

Hyperpigmentation, dark spots, and uneven skin tone are common concerns, especially after sun exposure or acne scarring. Lactic acid works to fade pigmentation by gently removing discoloured dead skin cells. This in turn helps to lighten dark spots and thereby evens out skin tone. It’s an excellent option for individuals looking to treat melasma, sun damage, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Unclogs Pores and Reduces Acne

Lactic acid can help prevent breakouts by clearing out dead skin cells and other debris that clog pores. It works particularly well for individuals with acne-prone skin, as it reduces surface oil and bacteria buildup. Additionally, its mild exfoliating action makes it less likely to cause irritation compared to stronger acids, making it suitable for sensitive skin types prone to acne.

Promotes Smoother Skin Texture

The exfoliating properties of lactic acid help smooth out rough patches and soften the skin's texture. This can be especially beneficial for people with keratosis pilaris (those tiny, rough bumps on the skin) or uneven patches. Regular use of lactic acid can leave your skin feeling softer, smoother, and more refined.

Common Uses of Lactic Acid in Skin Care

Lactic acid can be found in various skincare products, each offering unique benefits depending on concentration and formulation. Here are some common uses:

Cleansers: Lactic acid cleansers are ideal for daily use to gently exfoliate the skin while cleansing away dirt, oil, and impurities. These cleansers can help keep the skin smooth without stripping it of essential moisture.

Toners: Lactic acid toners can be used after cleansing to help tighten pores, exfoliate dead skin cells, and prepare the skin for the next steps in your skincare routine. They are often gentle enough to be used daily, depending on the concentration.

Serums: Lactic acid serums provide a more concentrated dose of the ingredient, making them a potent treatment for exfoliation and hydration. These serums are often used as part of a nighttime skincare routine to help repair and renew the skin overnight.

Masks and Peels: Lactic acid is also a common ingredient in masks and chemical peels. These treatments provide deeper exfoliation, helping to dramatically improve skin tone, texture, and clarity. While peels may contain higher concentrations of lactic acid, they are typically used less frequently—once a week or every few weeks—depending on the strength.

Moisturisers: Lactic acid-infused moisturisers can offer hydration along with mild exfoliation. These are a great option for people with dry, flaky skin, as they provide long-lasting moisture while improving skin texture over time.

Potential Side Effects of Lactic Acid

While lactic acid is generally considered safe for most skin types, especially when compared to stronger AHAs like glycolic acid, it can still cause side effects if not used properly. Here are some common side effects to heed: