A hiatal hernia is a medical condition in which part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm and into the chest cavity. The diaphragm is a muscular wall that separates the chest cavity (comprising the lungs and heart) from the abdominal cavity (comprising the stomach and other digestive organs). The oesophageal hiatus is the opening path in the diaphragm via which the oesophagus passes. When a portion of the stomach protrudes through this opening, it's known as a hiatal hernia.

Types Of Hernia

Hiatal hernias are categorised into two main types:

Sliding Hiatal Hernia:

This is the most common type and in a sliding hernia, the junction between the oesophagus and stomach and a portion of the stomach slides up into the chest when you swallow or when there's increased pressure in the abdominal cavity (during coughing or straining).

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Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia:

This less common type involves part of the stomach pushing through the diaphragm and alongside the esophagus. It can be more serious because it has the potential to cause complications like strangulation of the stomach, which can lead to reduced blood flow and tissue damage.

Also Read: Heartburn: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

Causes

The exact cause of hiatal hernias is still not clear, but certain factors may increase the risk including:

• Ageing
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Constantly lifting heavy objects
• Straining during bowel movements
• Pregnancy
• Genetics

Symptoms

Symptoms of hiatal hernia can vary from person to person, which include:

• Heartburn
• Chest pain
• Difficulty swallowing
• Belching
• Regurgitation of stomach acid or food
• Feeling full soon after eating
• Shortness of breath

Also Read: Bloated tummy? Burps? Watch Out For Acid Reflux

Effective Ways To Manage Hiatal Hernia:

Some of the strategies that may help people to manage this condition include:

Lifestyle Modifications:

Manage Weight:

Losing excess weight can help reduce pressure on the stomach and reduce the risk of symptoms.

Dietary Changes:

Avoiding food triggers like spicy, acidic, tomato sauce, alcohol, chocolate, garlic, onion, caffeine and fried or fatty foods can help alleviate heartburn and acid reflux.

Avoid lying down after a meal or eating late in the day.

Eating smaller, more frequent meals rather than large, light meals can reduce pressure on the stomach and minimize symptoms.

Elevating The Head Of The Bed:

Sleeping with the upper body elevated can help prevent acid reflux during the night.

Ease Stress

Stress is a key factor in why people develop hiatal hernias and prolonged stress can cause a malfunction in the system and lead to hernia. Engage in stress-easing techniques like yoga, meditation and hobbies that interest you. These activities increase the production of endorphins which reduces stress levels.

Quit smoking to lessen the chance of reoccurrence.

Good Hydration

It is essential to maintain optimal hydration throughout the day. The rule of thumb is to avoid drinking water an hour before and after meals.

Medications:

Antacids: Over-the-counter antacids can offer temporary relief from heartburn and acid reflux. However, overuse can cause side effects like diarrhoea or rarely kidney problems.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2-receptor blockers: These medications reduce the production of stomach acid and are prescribed by a doctor for more severe symptoms.

Surgery:

In cases where lifestyle modifications and medications haven’t worked well to manage the condition or when there are complications like paraesophageal hernias, surgical procedures may be necessary. This procedure is known as fundoplication and involves tightening the lower oesophageal sphincter and repairing the hernia.

It's important to consult with a healthcare provider if you suspect you have a hiatal hernia or are experiencing symptoms. They can offer a proper diagnosis and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific condition.