Earwax, also known as cerumen in scientific terms, is a natural substance that is produced inside our ear canals. A yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal, ear wax is nothing but shed skin cells, hair, and secretions from the sebaceous and ceruminous glands in the outer ear canal. While its presence in small amounts is usually normal, at times, excessive buildup may be uncomfortable and can affect your hearing. Despite its negative reputation, earwax plays a crucial role in maintaining ear health. This article delves into the causes of earwax production, potential risks when it becomes problematic, and safe methods for its removal.
Also Read: Ear Infection In Adults: Symptoms, Causes And Treatment
Why Do We Have Earwax?
Understanding how earwax is produced, recognizing when it might be problematic, and knowing safe removal methods can help us maintain healthy ears. While it might seem like an annoying or unnecessary substance, earwax serves several important functions such as:
Protection
Earwax helps protect the ear canal by trapping dust, dirt, and other small particles, preventing them from reaching the eardrum and causing irritation or infection.
Lubrication
Lubrication saves the skin in the ear canal from becoming dry and itchy.
Preventing Infections
Earwax has natural antibacterial properties that help prevent infections.
Also Read: Glue Ear/Adhesive Otitis: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment
What Causes Earwax Production?
The production of earwax is a normal and healthy bodily function. The factors that can influence the amount and type of earwax a person produces are:
Genetics
Like our hair color or skin type, the amount and consistency of earwax can be hereditary.
Age
As people age, the earwax can become drier and harder, which might lead to blockages.
Environmental Factors
Dusty or dirty environments might stimulate more earwax production as the body tries to protect the ears from contaminants.
Ear Canal Shape
The shape and size of the ear canal can affect how earwax is produced and expelled. Some people naturally have narrower or hairier ear canals that can lead to more frequent blockages.
Inserting Objects Into the Ear
Using cotton swabs, earbuds, or hearing aids can push earwax deeper into the ear canal, potentially causing blockages.
Infections
Ear infections can also occur if earwax traps bacteria in the ear canal.
When Can Earwax Be Harmful?
While earwax is beneficial, it can sometimes become problematic. This typically occurs when earwax builds up and causes a blockage, a condition known as cerumen impaction.
Symptoms of earwax impaction include the following:
Hearing Loss
A significant buildup of earwax can block sound waves from reaching the eardrum. This can lead to temporary hearing loss.
Earache
Accumulated earwax can cause pressure and pain in the ear.
Tinnitus
Tinnitus is a ringing or buzzing sound in the ear that can occur when there is an excessive earwax build-up.
Itchiness
Excessive earwax can cause itching in the ear canal.
Dizziness
In some cases, impacted earwax can lead to balance problems and dizziness.
Also Read: Tinnitus: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment.jpg)
How To Safely Remove Earwax?
If earwax becomes problematic, it is crucial to remove it safely to avoid damaging the ear. Here are several methods:
Through Natural Process
Generally, earwax naturally works its way out of the ear canal and as the wax dries, it flakes off and falls out. The best approach for many people is to wipe away any visible earwax from the outer ear with a damp cloth.
Ear Drops
There are various ear drops available that can soften earwax, making it easier to remove. These drops usually contain ingredients like hydrogen peroxide or glycerin. To use, lie with the affected ear facing up. Put the drops into your ear and stay in that position for a few minutes to allow the drops to penetrate the earwax. Sit up and wipe away any liquid that comes out of the ear. You might need to repeat this process for a few days.
Ear Irrigation
Ear irrigation involves flushing out the earwax with water. For This fill a bulb syringe with warm water. Tilt your head to the side and gently put water into the ear canal. Allow the water to drain out, bringing the earwax with it. Dry your ear with a towel. It is important not to use ear irrigation if you have a perforated eardrum or ear surgery.
Professional Removal
If earwax buildup is severe or causing significant symptoms, it is best to seek help from a healthcare professional. Certain specialized tools and techniques to remove the earwax safely include:
Manual Removal
Using a small, curved instrument which is known as a curette
Micro Suction
Use a gentle suction device to remove the earwax.
Also Read: Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: Causes, Symptoms And Treatment
Preventing Earwax Buildup
To reduce the likelihood of earwax buildup and impaction, consider these preventive measures:
Regular Cleaning: Clean the outer part of your ears with a damp cloth.
Avoid Inserting Objects: To clean the ear canal, refrain from using cotton swabs or other sharp objects
Stay Hydrated: Keeping the body well-hydrated can help maintain the natural moisture balance in your body, including your ears.
Consult A Healthcare Professional: If you wear hearing aids or earplugs regularly, have your ears checked periodically by a healthcare professional to ensure earwax isn’t building up.
When To Seek Medical Attention?
While earwax problems are usually minor, in the following situation you should seek medical attention:
Persistent Symptoms: If you experience persistent ear pain, hearing loss, or tinnitus despite trying home remedies.
Discharge From Year: If you notice pus or blood coming from your ear, which could indicate an infection or injury.
Fever: If you have a fever along with ear pain or discharge, it could be a sign of an infection that needs medical treatment.
Dizziness: If there is severe dizziness or balance problems, then you must see a doctor
Precautions For Removing Ear Wax
Certain methods are not recommended for removing earwax due to the risk of damage or ineffectiveness. One of that is cotton swabs. Cotton can push earwax further into the ear canal, causing blockages and potential damage to the eardrum. Inserting anything sharp into the ear must also be avoided as they can puncture the eardrum or scratch the ear canal. Always consider consulting with a healthcare professional for persistent or severe earwax problems to ensure safe and effective ear treatment.
(This article is reviewed by Sowmyabinu)
References:
- Earwax Impaction: Symptoms, Predisposing Factors and Perception among Nigerians
Department of ENT, University of Ado-Ekiti Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4311346/
- https://journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/view/5151
