Are you observing any unusual changes in your body? Do you struggle with gaining weight or irregular periods issue? If this is the case, you are not alone, most women have similar problems. These symptoms may be underlying causes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or PCOS. It is one of the common hormonal problems that affect women of reproductive age.
As per the report released by the Indian Fertility Society, PCOS affects 3.7% to 22.5% (1.3-7.9 crore) of Indian women. The changing lifestyle and habits like eating junk foods, poor sleep patterns, binge drinking, and excessive intake of sugary goods, all play an important role in PCOS development. Statistics show that one in five women suffer from PCOS in India and the symptoms that show up with this medical condition can show up in different ways. Moreover, managing PCOS also depends on the symptoms you have.
Read this article to understand the different types of PCOS, how to identify them, and effective ways to manage the symptoms.
Understanding PCOS
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal problem that develops in women. It’s a syndrome and not a disease, which may continue beyond child-bearing ages. PCOS is categorised by hormonal imbalances, irregular periods, and sometimes, ovarian cysts. It is mostly associated with high androgen levels (male hormones) and insulin resistance. Common symptoms include acne, weight gain, excessive hair growth, and hair loss.
The Four Main Types of PCOS
Insulin-Resistant PCOS
The most common form of PCOS is caused by insulin resistance, where the body struggles to use insulin effectively, causing blood sugar fluctuations. Excessive insulin makes the ovaries produce more testosterone instead of estrogen. It is vital to address insulin resistance, as poorly managed insulin levels can increase the risk of Type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Symptoms include weight gain (especially around the abdomen), fatigue, acne, and darkening of the skin in areas like the neck.
Management
Dietary Changes: Focus on a low-carb, high-fibre diet with whole grains, lean protein, and plenty of vegetables.
Exercise: Being physically active and engaging in regular workouts helps improve insulin sensitivity.
Supplements: Consider inositol supplements, which may support insulin balance.
Also Read: Women’s Health: 5 Best Supplements And Its Role In Regulating PCOS
Inflammatory PCOS
This type is caused by chronic inflammation, which can result from stress, poor diet, or environmental toxins. Studies have found that when the immune system believes it is under constant threat, it affects ovulation and hormonal imbalance resulting in inflammation. In addition, overweight, poor gut health and strenuous physical workouts can trigger inflammation.
Symptoms include fatigue, skin conditions like eczema, joint pain, headaches and digestive issues.
Management
Anti-Inflammatory Diet: Include foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon and walnuts), berries, leafy greens, and avoid processed foods.
Stress Management: Incorporate mindfulness practices like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing.
Supplements: Curcumin, and omega-3 supplements possess potent anti-inflammatory qualities that may help ease inflammation.
Adrenal PCOS
This form of PCOS is related to an imbalance in the stress hormone cortisol rather than insulin or inflammation.
Symptoms include high-stress levels, anxiety, fatigue, and sometimes hair loss.
Management:
Adaptogens: Ashwagandha and Rhodiola are natural adaptogens that can help manage stress.
Reduce Stimulants: Limit caffeine and sugar intake, which can exacerbate stress hormone imbalances.
Sleep Quality: Ensure you get 7-8 hours of sound sleep each night to help regulate cortisol.
Also Read: Women’s Health: 7 Incredible Herbs For Managing PCOS Naturally
Post-Pill PCOS
This type can happen in women who stop taking birth control pills, leading to a temporary surge in androgens. Also, women who had regular periods before taking the pill and have not had one for at least three months may have pill-induced PCOS.
Symptoms include acne, hair growth on the face and body, and irregular periods.
Management
Natural Foods: Include foods that support hormone balance like cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, kale).
Seed cycling (flaxseed, pumpkin, sunflower, and sesame seeds) can help balance hormones. In most cases, post-pill PCOS symptoms can resolve within months as hormone levels normalize.
Lifestyle Strategies
Balanced Diet: Regardless of the type, a balanced and wholesome diet rich in whole foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats can promote hormone regulation.
Regular Exercise: Try doing strength training and cardio exercises which can help reduce insulin resistance and improve hormone balance.
Limit Sugar/Refined Carbs: These can spike insulin levels and exacerbate symptoms, particularly in insulin-resistant and inflammatory PCOS.
Get Enough Sleep: Quality sleep is crucial in managing cortisol levels and overall hormonal balance.
(This article is reviewed by Kalyani Krishna, Chief Content Editor)
Author Profile:
M Sowmya Binu:
With over 15 years of expertise and a Postgraduate degree in Nutrition, M Sowmya Binu is a seasoned professional in the field of nutrition. Specializing in tailoring personalized diet plans, she underscores the significance of a balanced approach to health, emphasizing the integration of medication with dietary intake for holistic wellness. Passionate about equipping individuals with knowledge to make informed decisions, Sowmya adeptly develops insightful content encompassing a wide array of topics including food, nutrition, supplements, and overall health.
References:
Polycystic Ovarian Disease
Lorena I. Rasquin; Catherine Anastasopoulou; Jane V. Mayrin.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459251/
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Etiology, Current Management, and Future Therapeutics
Samradhi Singh 1, Namrata Pal 1, Swasti Shubham 1, Devojit Kumar Sarma 1, Vinod Verma 2, Francesco Marotta 3,*, Manoj Kumar 1,*
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9964744/
