October is a month that radiates pink, symbolising the global initiative to raise awareness about breast cancer, a disease that affects millions of lives every year worldwide. Amidst the pink hues and uplifting messages, it's essential to shed light on a lesser-known form of breast cancer—Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC).
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Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer characterised by the proliferation of malignant cells in the milk ducts or lobules of the breast. While conventional breast cancers often manifest as lumps or abnormalities detected through screenings, Inflammatory Breast Cancer is distinct in its presentation. It is a rare and swiftly advancing form of breast cancer, notorious for its aggressive nature and challenging diagnosis. This lesser-known variant necessitates heightened awareness, early detection, and specialized treatment to combat its rapid progression and provide hope for those facing this diagnosis.

Also Read: Breast Cancer: Know About Symptoms And Treatment

Causes

The exact cause of Inflammatory Breast Cancer, just like any other form of breast cancer, is not well understood. However, some scientific studies indicate that it primarily initiates when cells in the breast undergo genetic mutations and grow uncontrollably, giving rise to abnormally shaped cells that keep agglomerating without perishing on time. However, the specific factors that trigger these mutations leading to IBC are still being researched.

Also Read: Breast Cancer Awareness Month 2022: Breast Self-Exam. The Step-By-Step Guide And Tips

Risk Factors

Several risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing Inflammatory Breast Cancer, including:

Gender: Women are at a higher risk than men.

Age: The risk of IBC increases with age, especially after age 40.

Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of IBC.

Genetics: A family history of breast cancer, particularly in first-degree relatives (mother, sister, daughter), can elevate the risk.

Hormonal Factors: Hormonal factors like early menstruation, late menopause, or starting menopause after age 55 can slightly increase the risk.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy, especially estrogen and progesterone, can be a risk factor.

Symptoms

Inflammatory Breast Cancer often manifests with unique and distinct symptoms, which can include:

  • Breast redness
  • Swollen breasts, which are warm to the touch
  • Peau d'Orange or skin of the breast resembling orange-peel texture
  • Pain in the breast
  • Tenderness
  • Rapid breast enlargement
  • Inverted or retracted nipple
  • Breast firmness

Diagnosis And Treatment

If you detect any of the aforementioned indications, consult an oncologist for further information. Early detection and proactive management can significantly improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for individuals facing this challenging condition. The specialized doctor usually conducts the following diagnostics to detect the presence of malignant cells. These include:

Physical Examination: The doctor examines the breast, looking for typical signs such as redness, swelling, or orange-peel texture.

Biopsy: A tissue sample (biopsy) from the breast is taken and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer cells and determine the type and stage of cancer.

Imaging: Mammograms, ultrasounds, MRI, PET-scan or CT scans are conducted to evaluate the extent and spread of the cancer.

Treatment

Treatment options for Inflammatory Breast Cancer usually involve a combination of therapies to give the patient the best possible life. These include:

Chemotherapy: Often, chemotherapy is the first treatment to shrink the tumour before surgery.

Surgery: Modified radical mastectomy (removal of the breast and lymph nodes) is the most common surgical approach.

Radiation Therapy: Radiation may be used post-surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Targeted Therapy and Hormone Therapy: Depending on the cancer type, targeted drugs or hormone-blocking therapies may be used.

Clinical Trials: Clinical trials may be conducted for innovative treatment options for the patient.