Millets are the millennials must-haves. Grown since antiquity, millets have always been a staple diet of humans for more than 8000 years until modernization of cuisines took over the world of gastronomy by storm, making us get used to all that is refined and defined as tasty food. Okay, if it doesn’t sound encouraging, here’s the good news.
Not so long, millets made a comeback.
Ladies and Gentlemen! Welcome millets back with another round of applause and as you scroll down, we will tell - all you need to know about Foxtail millet, the second-most widely grown species in the world after Pearl millet. Well, everything related to millets is kind of mysterious, right from the benefits, how long to soak, how to cook and how to relish and Foxtail millets are no exception.
These tiny seeds around 2 mm in size, covered in thin, crispy hull, usually available in light yellow-brown, rusty black go with the scientific name Setaria italica, is an annual crop grown in arid and semi-arid regions. Historians believe that this gluten-free cereal cultivation dates back to 8000 years and have evidence it was grown extensively alongside Yellow River in Cishan, China.
We Indians too are not alien to this nutrition loaded millet variety. It was mentioned in the ancient Sangam literature of Tamil Nadu, old texts in Tamil language and is associated with the worship of Lord Muruga and His consort Valli. Foxtail millets go with different names in our country. It is known as Kangni in Hindi, Korralu in Telugu, Thinai in Tamil, Thina in Malayalam and Priyangu in Sanskrit. Foxtail millets are equally popular in other countries. It is cultivated extensively in the dry and uplands of Southeast Asia and it is getting popular in Northern America and Europe. Internationally, it is referred with various names includes Chinese millet, Foxtail Bristle Grass, Dwarf Setaria, Italian millet, Red Rala etc.
Also Read: 5 Best Reasons Why You Should Include Millets In Daily Diet
Foxtail millet being a dry crop is planted in the last week of May and it takes up to 70 days to harvest the crop. The annual plant that grows erect with robust culms can reach up to 150 cm, with leaves extending to 40 cm in lanceolate shape. It is grown mainly in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Telangana, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh besides few northeast states.
Nutrition In Foxtail Millet:
Foxtail millet like other millets is a powerhouse of nutrition. Rich in Vitamin B12, these tiny seeds can offer you a daily dose of ample protein, good fat, carbs and amazing dietary fibre content. Besides copious amounts of lysine, thiamine, iron and niacin, it also offers copious amounts of calcium.
Foxtail Millet in Ayurveda:
Millets are known as Trinadhanya or Kudhanya in Ayurveda. Ancient Ayurvedic texts like Mahodadhi written by Sushena in the 14th century describe Foxtail millets as sweet and astringent to taste, that increases vata dosha but balances doshas related to pitta, kapha and blood tissues. Millets need to be cooked well for deriving full benefits, however, this particular millet should never be mixed with milk, as it may cause severe indigestion.
Health Benefits of Foxtail Millet:
Stronger Bones:
Foxtail millets are an excellent source of iron and calcium which play a pivotal role in maintaining the health of bones and muscles. Iron deficiency can cause various health conditions including weaker muscles, anemia, frequent muscle spasms. Include Foxtail millet in your regular diet to meet the calcium and phosphorous needs of the body for combating brittle bones, inflammation and other bone related chronic conditions like osteoporosis, arthritis, spondylitis etc.
Strengthens Nervous System:
Nutritionists strongly recommend the intake the Foxtail millet for keeping various neurological disorders at a bay. Loaded with Vitamin B1, this tiny gluten-free cereal gives you 0.59 mg of it, in every cooked 100 grams. Eating this nutritious cereal not only slows down the progression of various neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s etc but makes a positive impact on the nervous system. The high amount of iron triggers cognitive function by providing more oxygenation to the brain.
Boosts Cardiac Health:
Millets are in general popular for maintaining good heart health. Being gluten-free, rich in protein and less on carbs these amazing wonders of nature aid in the formation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine that transfers messages between muscle and nerves besides protecting the heart functions. Eat it daily to protect the heart from various ailments.
Manages Diabetes:
Diabetic patients are generally discouraged from cutting down on the intake of rice, owing to its high carb content. Foxtail millet is a great substitute for rice as it keeps you satiated for longer hours. The trick is to eat thoroughly cooked Foxtail millet in place of rice to prevent those mid-day hunger pangs and avoid sudden spike in sugar levels. The glycemic index of Foxtail millet is at 50.8 making it an ultimate choice of low-glycemic foods. Include it in your daily diet to witness a healthy dip in levels of blood sugars, glycosylated haemoglobin and lipid profile.
Lowers Bad Cholesterol:
Foxtail millet contains a good source of amino acids including Lecithin and Methionine which play a crucial level in decreasing cholesterol by reducing excess fat in the liver. The presence of Threonine prevents fatty liver, further decreasing the levels of bad cholesterol.
Triggers Weight Loss:
Tryptophan, an amino acid present in Foxtail millet in ample amounts is crucial for preventing hunger pangs. If you are one of those battling excessive fat around the belly, it’s time to increase the intake of Foxtail millet as it prevents accumulation of fatty substances in the body.
Promotes Digestion:
A happy gut is an indication of overall health. Digestive issues if not addressed early can turn chronic and may lead to severe constipation, diarrhea or irritable bowel syndrome. It is an amazing choice of food for those with gluten intolerance or celiac disease. Eat it with loads of vegetables to regulate bowel movements and to lose weight.
Builds Immunity:
In these days and times of pandemic, nothing is more important than a robust immunity. A rich source of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients, Foxtail millet increases stamina, keeps you stronger and builds immunity for fighting various infections lurking around. If you have fallen ill recently due to any of the viral or bacterial infections, include it in your daily diet to gain the strength back.
Also Read: Jowar: Nutrition, Health Benefits, Ayurvedic Uses, Uses For Skin, Weight Loss And Recipes
Is Foxtail Millet Better Than Rice?
There is a lot of debate if rice and millet are the same when it comes to nutritional content, but rice is undoubtedly still a staple in many households. Rice is consumed in many forms in India, not just in the original cooked form but as a breakfast item in the form of dosas and idlis. Several research suggest that rice is high on glycemic index and contributes greatly to high levels of diabetes and weight gain. Rice of course, is an instant source of energy and tastes better with many accompaniments.
Millets on the other hand are a group of gluten-free cereals witnessing a sort of resurgence in recent years, all thanks to the awareness of embracing traditional foods. In some parts of Andhra Pradesh like Rayalaseema, Karnataka millets take precedence over rice and is consumed widely for their numerous health benefits.
Well, if you are wondering if you should be substituting rice completely with millet – the answer is no. Like in the case of food moderation is the key. Enjoy both rice and millet including Foxtail. Each ingredient has only the best benefits to offer.
Is Foxtail Millet Same As Quinoa?
Though Foxtail Millet and Quinoa belong to the family of grains, there are a lot of differences botanically. Quinoa is termed pseudocereal which means it is harvested from a plant called Goosefoot and belongs to the family of spinach and beetroots.
However, just like Foxtail millet, Quinoa is also gluten-free and is loaded with vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, amino acids and loads of digestive fibre. If you are one of those with gluten intolerance or celiac disease, both Foxtail millet and Quinoa are good dietary options.
Also Read: Quinoa: Nutrition, Health Benefits, Uses for Skin & Hair, Recipes
How To Soak And Cook Foxtail Millet?
One of the problems associated while cooking with millets is the stickiness. Many complain that these grains take a longer time to cook and do not turn fluffy if boiled in a pressure cooker. And here is a foolproof method to cook Foxtail millet.
Ingredients:
1 cup Foxtail millets
250 ml water
¼ tsp salt
½ tsp desi ghee
Method:
Wash millets thoroughly to clean all impurities like sand, small stones etc. Use a sieve while draining water out.
Soak it for 30 minutes. In a bowl, add water and bring it to a boil.
Add salt and ghee. Drain water completely and add soaked Foxtail millet.
Cook it for 10 to 12 minutes, stirring occasionally. After some time, the millets get cooked completely and turn soft. Gently fluff it with a fork.
Eat it as a substitute for the rice or add it to your desired dish.
Recipes:
Foxtail Millet Pulao:
Ingredients:
1 cup Foxtail millet
½ cup potato, chopped
½ cup carrot, chopped
½ cup beans, chopped
¼ cup peas, chopped
½ tsp ginger garlic paste
½ tsp garam masala
2 tsp oil
Salt to taste
Method:
Cook Foxtail millet as per the instructions given in the above paragraph, set aside
In a pan, add oil, ginger garlic paste and chopped veggies
Add salt and sprinkle some water on it to cook
Mix in the cooked millet and garam masala. Give it a stir and serve hot
Nutritional Benefits:
Foxtail millet is a rich source of protein, and dietary fibre and when cooked with an array of vegetables, the nutritional content gets enhanced. Potatoes are rich in carbs, and good fibre, carrots are loaded with beta carotene, fibre, vitamin K, antioxidants and potassium. Beans provide 20% of iron for every 100 grams and copious amounts of calcium. Ginger and garlic trigger appetite and improve digestion.
Also Read: Nutritious Khichdi Recipes For Diabetics
Foxtail Millet Sweet Pongal:
Ingredients:
1 cup Foxtail millet
1 cup jaggery, grated
½ cup yellow moong dal
¼ cup ghee
Cashews, almonds and other nuts of your choice, fried
Method:
In a pressure cooker, add millet and moong dal.
Cook in 3 cups of water, till 6 whistles
In a pan, add jaggery and very little water to melt
Pour melted jaggery mixture into the cooked millet and moong dal mixture
Stir it and mash it till soft. Add fried nuts and serve hot
Nutritional Benefits:
Foxtail millet sweet Pongal can be relished by diabetics too, in moderate amounts. Foxtail millet keeps you satiated for longer hours and prevents sudden spike in blood sugars. Jaggery is a rich source of iron, magnesium and potassium and is low on calories. Nuts are high in good fats, vitamin E, magnesium aiding in the cognitive functioning of the brain.
Contraindications:
Foxtail millets are quite popular from the family of millets and need to be consumed in moderation. According to Ayurveda, this millet should never cooked with milk as it can cause severe indigestion and diarrhea. If you are pregnant and including millet in your diet plan, check with your nutritionist if it agrees with you. Excessive intake of Foxtail millet can cause severe constipation too.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Happens If We Eat Foxtail Millet Daily?
Eating foxtail millet daily offers numerous health benefits:
Packed with dietary fiber, it aids in the digestion process, regularises bowel movements and prevents constipation.
Its low glycemic index makes it beneficial for diabetics.
High magnesium content supports cardiovascular health.
Low in calories and high in fiber, it helps with appetite control.
Packed with calcium and phosphorus, crucial for bone strength.
However, overconsumption may cause digestive issues, so balance it with other grains.
Which Millet Is Best For Ayurveda?
In Ayurveda, ragi (finger millet) and foxtail millet are highly regarded. Foxtail millet is beneficial for balancing Kapha and Pitta doshas. It also supports detoxification, improves digestion, and enhances energy levels.
Which Millet Has The Highest Protein?
Kodo millet is known to have the highest protein content among millets, providing approximately 12.5 g of protein per 100 g. Foxtail millet follows closely with about 12.3 g of protein.
Is Foxtail Millet Acidic Or Alkaline?
Foxtail millet is slightly alkaline in nature, making it a suitable choice for balancing the body’s pH levels and promoting overall health.
Is Foxtail Millet A C3 Or C4 Plant?
Foxtail millet is a C4 plant, which means it efficiently uses water and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, making it resilient to drought and high temperatures.
Which Millet Is Good For Uric Acid?
Pearl millet (bajra) is particularly good for individuals with high uric acid levels due to its ability to neutralize acidity and aid in flushing out toxins. However, foxtail millet is also beneficial due to its alkaline properties and anti-inflammatory effects.
(This article is reviewed by Kalyani Krishna, Chief Content Editor)
Author Profile:
M Sowmya Binu:
With over 15 years of expertise and a Postgraduate degree in Nutrition, M Sowmya Binu is a seasoned professional in the field of nutrition. Specializing in tailoring personalized diet plans, she underscores the significance of a balanced approach to health, emphasizing the integration of medication with dietary intake for holistic wellness. Passionate about equipping individuals with knowledge to make informed decisions, Sowmya adeptly develops insightful content encompassing a wide array of topics including food, nutrition, supplements, and overall health.
References
Assessment of sensory and nutritional attributes of foxtail millet-based food products
Laghima Arora 1, Renuka Aggarwal 1,*, Inderpreet Dhaliwal 2, Om Prakash Gupta 3, Prashant Kaushik 4,*
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10149725/
Foxtail millet: Properties, processing, health benefits, and uses
Nitya Sharma &Keshavan Niranjan
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/87559129.2017.1290103
Conclusion:
Foxtail millets are the second most grown millets in the world after Pearl millet. Rich in protein, dietary fibre, and an array of vitamins and minerals, these millets control blood sugar, lose weight, boost immunity and protect heart health. According to Ayurveda, Foxtail millet increases vata dosha but balances doshas related to pitta, kapha and blood tissues. Unlike the popular opinion that millets are not a delight to eat, one can whip up amazing recipes with these, enjoy and lead a healthy lifestyle.
