Anemia is a disorder that results in reduced red blood cell count or lower hemoglobin levels in the blood. It is caused due to decreased hemoglobin secretion or excess loss of hemoglobin or increases damage to red blood cells.
Anemia is diagnosed based on the level of hemoglobin, in men if the hemoglobin level falls below 13g/dl and women the hemoglobin of less than 12g/dl.
Red blood cells comprise the protein-bound hemoglobin which gives it’s the colour. Hemoglobin functions include carrying oxygen from the lungs to all other parts of the body and carbon dioxide from the body to the lung which is exhaled. The red blood cells are mainly produced in the bone marrow and the body needs vital nutrients iron and vitamin B12 to secrete red blood cells.
Also Read: Experiencing Fatigue, Breathlessness? Could Be Iron Deficiency
Causes
Anemia is caused due to several factors which include reduced production of hemoglobin due to iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia disorder, and bone marrow disorder.
Genetic conditions like sickle cell anemia, infections, and autoimmune disorder resulting in an increased breakdown of red blood cells.
Anemia is also categorized based on the size of red blood cells, if the cells are small it is termed as microcytic anemia and if cells are large then it termed as macrocytic anemia.
Anemia ranges from mild to severe form, however, anemia needs immediate medical attention as it may be a warning sign of other serious health conditions.
Risk Factors
Certain factors can increase the risk for anemia which includes a poor diet, intestinal problems such as celiac disease and Crohn’s disease, menstruation and menopause, pregnancy, chronic disease -cancer and kidney failure, genetic factors, alcoholism and exposure to toxic chemicals.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of anemia differ depending upon the causes. Symptoms of anemia get worse as the condition becomes more severe. Here are some sickle cell symptoms:
Fatigue
Confusion
Lack of concentration
Weakness
Pale skin
Irregular heartbeat or Arrhythmia
Shortness of breath
Dizziness
Chest pain
Cold hands and feet
Diagnosis And Treatment
The doctor generally diagnoses anemia by doing a complete physical assessment and medical history. The doctor also suggest certain blood tests such as CBC to determine the underlying cause of anemia. Also Read: Top 5 Iron Rich Foods To Boost Your Child’s Immunity
Sickle cell anemia treatment usually depends upon treating the underlying causes which include - iron, vitamin B 12, folic acid and vitamin C supplements are provided to improve the hemoglobin level. If anemia is caused as a result of chronic diseases then blood transfusion is recommended to boosts iron levels, bone marrow transplantation and also treating other underlying conditions is vital.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main cause of anemia?
The main cause of anemia is often a deficiency in iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid, which are crucial for red blood cell production.
Can lack of sleep cause anemia?
While lack of sleep doesn't directly cause anemia, it can exacerbate symptoms like fatigue and weaken the immune system.
How to prevent anemia?
Prevent anemia by maintaining a diet rich in iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid, and by addressing any underlying health conditions.
Is anemia life-threatening?
Anemia can become life-threatening if it is severe and left untreated, leading to complications such as heart problems.
What is the best treatment for anemia?
The best treatment for anemia includes mitigating low iron symptoms by incorporating iron supplements, dietary changes, and addressing any underlying medical conditions causing the deficiency.
How do you feel when you have anemia?
When you have anemia, you may feel constantly tired, weak, and short of breath, with possible dizziness and pale skin.
How to recover from anemia fast?
Recover from anemia quickly by taking prescribed anemia medication, iron or vitamin supplements and eating iron-rich foods like red meat and leafy greens.
What foods cure anemia?
Iron-rich foods such as red meat, spinach, lentils, and fortified cereals can help cure anemia by boosting iron levels in the blood.
(This article is reviewed by M Sowmya Binu Health & Nutrition Expert)
Author Profile
Soumita Basu:
Soumita Basu holds a Bachelor's Degree in Pharmacy and is keenly interested in Ayurveda, home remedies, yoga, fitness, diagnostics, and beauty. With nearly 6 years of experience, she produces evidence-based health content, including articles, videos, and infographics, to provide valuable insights to her audience.
References:
1. Anemia – World Health Organizationhttps://www.who.int/health-topics/anaemia#tab=tab_1
2. Anemia ResearchNational Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/research/anemia
